Caldwell is a designated Main Street City in Burleson County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,104 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Burleson County. It is part of the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area.00Caldwell is the home of the Czech Heritage Museum, which is open to the public on Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. The annual Kolache Festival, a celebration of Czech heritage named for a type of pastry, is held in Caldwell the second weekend of September.